Pipe Fittings: Various aspects of Using them


Pipe fitting is meant for plumbing and piping system which is used

in commercial and industrial industries. Fitting helps pipes to be joined properly so as to close them wherever required.

These fittings can be found in market in different sizes and shapes. Besides, they can demand more time and can be expensive.

They use distinct tools and materials to join and install. If you are working with plumbing or piping, then it is very

essential to use pipe fitting.


There is an assortment of fitting available in market. All pipes require a unique type of fitting but there are certain

common features which are shared by all type of pipe fittings. Wherever materials for plumbing are sold, you can easily and

conveniently find pipe fittings.


How to connect pipe fittings with the pipe?
You can find pipe fittings in two varieties, female fittings and male fittings. The female threads are there on the inner

side in a threaded pipe fitting. Street fittings are those having a male and a female end. Tube and pipes can be connected

using pipe fittings in two ways:


Threading
Threaded pipes are twisted together for joining them. In most cases, metal pipes have threaded fittings.


Slip fit
Sleeves are used with slip fit pipes and they slip into each other. Generally, plastic pipes are slip fit but they can also

be threaded.


What criteria should be considered in selection of pipe fitting?


There are certain factors to be considered while selecting pipe fitting:


Types of connection
While you are embarking on the journey of buying pipe fittings, you must keep in mind that there are two types of connectors.

It may be that one end is female threaded while the other female slip. Or it may be that one end is male slip while the other

end is threaded when you are talking about plastic fittings. Besides, they are also available with matching ends, which can

house all requirements.


Construction materials
It is a common phenomenon that the pipe fitting material should be same as the material used in the pipe. Nevertheless, at

times, certain materials can also be used in pipes of made of any material.


Checking it for flow
In comparison to the rest of the pipe fitting, the end of the fitting should be made a bit larger in order to keep it flowing

consistently. It will help in accommodation of the connection without causing damage to the pipe’s inner diameter.


Fitting type
In addition to the material of the pipe, the type of fitting should also be taken care of, which include threaded or slip

fitting and male or female fit.


Size
Pipe fittings size is measured in different ways at the outside and inside end. The outside edge of the pipe fittings are

measured in cases of male threaded fittings while in case of female threaded fittings, size is measure from inside edge of

the inlet.


Design
Different pipes are designed to carry different fluids like gases, liquid or chemicals. In accordance to the purpose of the

pipe, there are varied pipe fitting designs available.


Thickness
Pipe fittings are also available in different thickness same as pipes.


Codes and standards
Various organizations have set different standards in accordance of which pipe fittings are graded. Some of those standards

associated with pipe fittings are ASTM, BSP, and ASME.


What are the main uses of ppr pipe fittings?


Ppr pipe fittings are the most commonly used materials in home

decoration, and their capabilities are not small, such as water supply, hot water pipe systems, heating pipe systems and air

conditioning pipes. Engineering hot water is generally directly related to the use of ppr pipe fittings, which are more

stable, safe, easy to install, and cost-effective. Engineering hot water ppr pipe fittings can also be hidden. When the

concealed pipe penetrates the wall, in order to ensure the safety, service life and maintenance of the pipe, a metal sleeve

can be installed to ensure the installation of ppr pipe fittings.
In installation engineering, ppr pipe fittings have the advantage of hot-melt connection. Pipes and pipe fittings are welded

by temperature heating, so that water is not easy to leak, but the heating temperature and time need to be accurate and not

too long. If the temperature is too high for too long, the pipes and fittings will be damaged by hot melt. If the time is too

short and the temperature is too low, the pipes and fittings will be unstable and easy to burst.


Nowadays, ppr pipe fittings are becoming more and more popular in society, involving water supply, sewage, irrigation,

gas transmission and other uses. Due to its own advantages and characteristics, it can stand out in the pipeline market and

occupy a very important position.
PPR is a random copolymer polypropylene. In winter, the flexibility of PPR water pipes will decrease, while the rigidity will

increase and flatten. If the pipe is impacted by an external force, the surface of the pipe will crack more seriously.
Therefore, ppr pipe fittings manufacturers suggest that when we use or install ppr pipe fittings in winter, we need to be

more careful to prevent pipe collisions and littering. Caring for the pipeline means caring for our own water consumption.


Get to Know About PPR Pipe


Introduction


PPR pipe as a common pipeline water supply system is widely used in

various construction industries, including residential domestic piping systems, hotels and shopping mall plumbing projects,

etc...


So how much do you know the PPR pipe you are using? How do you select the best PPR pipe or fitting for your project?

Through this article, let get to know about PPR pipe!


What's PPR pipe?


PPR pipes are a new type of environmentally friendly pipes, which also represent the development direction of

drainage pipes in the future.
So what is PPR means? PPR is a random co-polymer polypropylene, which is formed by random co-polymerization of propensity

monomer and a small amount of ethylene monomer under the action of heat, pressure and catalyst.
The ethylene monomer is randomly distributed in the long chain of propensity, and the ethylene monomer is generally

controlled between 3-5%. The ethylene content and the polymerization method of ethylene and propensity determine its cold

brittleness.
Therefore, in winter, the flexibility of the PPR pipe will decrease, while rigidity will increase and flatten. If the pipe

is impacted by an external force, the surface of the pipe will crack more seriously.


Types of PPR pipe


RIFENG as a global piping supplier and manufacturer, devoted to improving product quality and practicality. To meet

the needs of global piping solutions, RIFENG has also developed the following new products, such as Basalt Fiber PPR Pipe,

Anti-freeze PPR Pipe, etc... which can be used in each piping application.
Do you know these types of PPR pipes? Keep reading！



#Glass Fiber Composite PPR Pipe


RIFENG/RIIFO Glass Fiber Composite PPR Pipe consists of PPR inner and outer layers and a special mixture of Glass

Fiber (GF) and PPR in the middle layer. It increases the rigidity of the pipe, improves the strength of the pipe, and reduces

the linear expansion coefficient of the pipe.


Advantage of Glass Fiber Composite PPR pipe:


Low linear expansion coefficient (0,05mm/mK）, long-term high-temperature operation without fear of deformation.


Three-layer structure design, stable and reliable, strongly isolate light to ensure clean water.


Excellent resistance to oxidation & corrosion, extraordinary chemical stability.


Upgraded temperature and pressure resistance, the strength of the pipe exceeds the standard value by 80%, and the

instantaneous working temperature up to 95℃.


Thermoplastic composite pipe on the rise in the deep sea


Visit the news pages of the Airborne Oil & Gas (AOG, IJmuiden, Netherlands) and Magma Global Ltd. (Portsmouth, U.K.)

websites and you’ll come away with the impression that 2018 was a watershed year for these two leading manufacturers of

thermoplastic composite pipe (TCP) for deep-sea applications. But

don’t be surprised if 2019 news about this burgeoning market for composites eclipses that of the preceding year.


A few notable achievements of 2018 for AOG: In June, the company commenced a qualification program for carbon

fiber/polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) risers (pipes connecting subsea production systems and surface production vessels) for

a major operator in South America. AOG worked in collaboration with Subsea 7 (Luxembourg), a major offshore installation

contractor, on this project. In August, after an extensive five-year qualification program followed by the world’s first

pilot installation on hydrocarbon (full well bore) service of a glass fiber/high-density polyethylene (HDPE) flowline (pipe

that connects the well head to further processing equipment), Petronas (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) recognized AOG’s TCP

flowline as having achieved technology readiness level 6 (beta prototype verification). “And we expect to reach TRL 7 [pilot

system demonstration] in 2019,” reports Martin Van Onna, AOG CCO. Along with these successful qualifications and pilot

programs, AOG reports a growing commercial track record, especially with its glass fiber/HDPE TCP.


As for Magma, 2018 was equally eventful. In March, Tullow Ghana awarded a contract to Magma for a 2.5-kilometer

flowline for its development of Tweneboa, Enyenra, Ntomme (TEN) offshore fields. In May, working with Ocyan (Rio de Janeiro,

Brazil), an offshore services company, Magma completed and received third-party validation of a Composite Multi-Bore Hybrid

Riser (CMHR) design that employs Magma’s carbon fiber/polyetheretherketone (PEEK) m-pipe. Magma and Ocyan are bidding the

CMHR for deep-water developments in Brazil. Magma announced in August that a joint initiative with Equinor (Stavanger,

Norway) had secured ￡10.5 million in funding from Innovate UK, a government funding source, to qualify an all-Magma solution

for jumpers (pipes that connect flowlines and/or subsea facilities). Finally, in November, the Energy Institute (London,

U.K.) bestowed its 2018 Award for Innovation to Magma for its m-pipe, citing the pipe’s ability to solve the challenges of

oil and gas production in deepwater reserves, as well as its ability to be reused.


Valves - Choosing Between Ductile and Cast Iron


Customers from all kinds of industries need valves of all varieties for their high-demand processes.

Valves are available in a huge number of materials for any application imaginable. A

few of these materials are PVC, carbon steel, stainless steel, cast iron, and ductile iron. In this post we will focus on two

of those materials: ductile iron and cast iron. The argument of "ductile vs. cast iron valves" has been going on

for decades, as not everyone knows the differences.


Luckily, comparing valves made of ductile iron and cast iron is simple, as these materials have just a few major

differences. We will outline properties of both materials and then go through the pros and cons of each. By the end of this

blog post, you will be an iron expert!


Cast Iron Valves Specifications


Cast iron (also known as gray iron) is a type of metal that has been in use for hundreds of years. It is an alloy

made from 96%-98% iron, 2%-4% carbon, and small amounts of silicone. It has impressive temperature tolerance, with some cast

iron capable of handling temperatures over 2100F (1150C). When it comes to pressure, cast iron's strength depends on its

pressure class. The two most common are class 125 and class 250. At less extreme temperatures, class 125 cast iron flange is

rated for pressures between 150 and 200 psi. Class 250 cast iron is a bit tougher, with pressure ratings from 300 to 500 psi.

These pressures can vary by end type.


Cast iron is strong and will usually go undamaged even after going through intense vibrations. The main drawback of

cast iron valves is that they are not very ductile at all. Virtually any bending will cause cast iron to crack and become

useless. One great quality of cast iron is that it is not very expensive. As far as metals go, cast iron is usually the most

economical option, which makes it a solid alternative for people on a budget.


Ductile Valves Specifications


The second material we're looking at is ductile iron. Ductile iron is a more modern iron alloy that is made with

nodule-shaped graphite. This gives the material excellent ductility, so it will not necessarily break when bent. The

temperature limit is a bit lower than cast iron, but it is still quite high at 1350F (730C). When it comes to pressure,

ductile iron valves also use pressure classes: 150 and 300. At standard outdoor temperatures, class 150 ductile iron keeps a

seal up to 250 psi. Class 300 can stand up to pressures as high as 640 psi.


Ductile iron has excellent corrosion resistance, tensile strength, and yield strength. Unlike cast iron, ductile iron

does not break when it is bent, so it is more suited for high demand applications. Ductile iron is a strong and reliable

material for pipes, fittings, and valves. One drawback is price. Ductile iron is typically more expensive than cast iron due

to its more complicated chemical makeup. If your application requires a tougher material, however, you may need to spend a

little more.